Effect of ethanolic extracts from Piperaceae leaves on the reduction of skin necrosis and wound healing in an animal model of degloving injuries.

PURPOSE: To assess the effect of the ethanolic extract of the leaves of three species of plants from the Piperaceae family on reducing necrosis and enhancing wound healing in an animal model of degloving injuries. METHODS: The animals were divided into six groups, each consisting of six animals: sham, negative control, EEPA (Piper amalago ethanolic extract), EEPG (Piper glabratum ethanolic extract), EEPV (Piper vicosanum ethanolic extract), and positive control receiving hyperbaric oxygenation. The animals underwent surgery to induce excision wounds, and the extent of cutaneous necrosis was evaluated using graphic software, while wound healing was assessed through histopathology. RESULTS: Skin necrosis percentage area was: sham group = 62.84% 6.38; negative control group = 63.03% 4.11; P. vicosanum = 40.80% 4.76 p < 0.05; P. glabratum 32.97% 4.01 p < 0.01; P. amalago = 32.40% 4.61 p < 0.01; hyperbaric oxygenation = 33.21% 4.29 p < 0.01. All treated groups showed higher collagen deposition and less intense, plus predominantly mononuclear inflammatory infiltrate, suggesting improved healing process. CONCLUSIONS: The three tested extracts demonstrated efficacy in reducing the extent of cutaneous necrosis caused by degloving injuries and also showed evidence of improvement in the wound healing process.

Effect of ethanolic extracts from Piperaceae leaves on the reduction of skin necrosis and wound healing in an animal model of degloving injuries

Purpose: To assess the effect of the ethanolic extract of the leaves of three species of plants from the Piperaceae family on reducing necrosis and enhancing wound healing in an animal model of degloving injuries. Methods: The animals were divided into six groups, each consisting of six animals: sham, negative control, EEPA (Piper amalago ethanolic extract), EEPG (Piper glabratum ethanolic extract), EEPV (Piper vicosanum ethanolic extract), and positive control receiving hyperbaric oxygenation. The animals underwent surgery to induce excision wounds, and the extent of cutaneous necrosis was evaluated using graphic software, while wound healing was assessed through histopathology. Results: Skin necrosis percentage area was: sham group = 62.84% 6.38; negative control group = 63.03% 4.11; P. vicosanum = 40.80% 4.76 p < 0.05; P. glabratum 32.97% 4.01 p < 0.01; P. amalago = 32.40% 4.61 p < 0.01; hyperbaric oxygenation = 33.21% 4.29 p < 0.01. All treated groups showed higher collagen deposition and less intense, plus predominantly mononuclear inflammatory infiltrate, suggesting improved healing process. Conclusions: The three tested extracts demonstrated efficacy in reducing the extent of cutaneous necrosis caused by degloving injuries and also showed evidence of improvement in the wound healing process.

Acute and subacute oral toxicity assessment of the oil extracted from Attalea phalerata Mart ex Spreng. pulp fruit in rats.

Attalea phalerata Mart. ex Spreng., popularly known as "bacuri", is a native plant from the brazilian Cerrado and used in folk medicine as a pulmonary decongestant, an anti-inflammatory for joints and antipyretic. There is an expectation about the use in chronic disease of the Attalea phalerata oil since its composition is high in carotenoids and beneficial fatty acids. The aim of the study was to evaluate the toxicological profile of the oil extracted from Attalea phalerata Mart. ex Spreng. pulp (APO). Acute and subacute toxicity studies were performed in male and female Wistar rats according to the OECD - Guidelines 425 and 407. For the acute toxicity, one single dose of the APO (2000mg/kg) was administered by gavage to five female rats. In the subacute toxicity, four different doses (125, 250, 500 and 1000mg/kg) of the APO were administered to male and female rats for 28 consecutive days. No deaths or behavioral changes were observed during both experiments as well as no changes in organ weights, hematological, histopathological parameters. The biochemical parameters showed changes in phosphatase alkaline and albumin levels, however these values are within the normal range for the species. A significant reduction in cholesterol and triglycerides was also observed in some of the animals treated with the APO. Therefore, the LD50 is higher than 2000mg/kg and the APO oil can be considered safe at the doses tested in rats. However, further assessments are required in order to proceed to clinical studies in humans.

Doenças do sistema nervoso de bovinos no Mato Grosso do Sul: 1082 casos / Diseases of the nervous system of cattle in Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil: 1082 cases

Foi realizado um estudo retrospectivo de janeiro de 2008 a dezembro de 2012 com base nos laudos de necropsia do Laboratório de Anatomia Patológica (LAP) da Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia (FAMEZ), Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), com o intuito de descrever quais as doenças que afetam o sistema nervoso de bovinos que ocorrem no Mato Grosso do Sul. Os casos consistiam de acompanhados por técnicos do LAP e encaminhados por médicos veterinários que atuam no campo (autônomos ou do serviço veterinário oficial). De 1082 materiais analisados, 588 apresentavam histórico de sinais clínicos neurológicos. Destes, 341 (53,75%) tiveram diagnóstico correspondente a doenças neurológicas e 247 (46,25%) tiveram diagnóstico inconclusivos. As fichas clínico epidemiológicas foram revisadas para determinar dados referentes a epidemiologia, aos sinais clínicos e às alterações macroscópicas e microscópicas. O botulismo (16,67%), a raiva (15,92%), a polioencefalomalacia (8,05%) e a encefalite por herpesvirus bovino (4,31%) foram as enfermidade de maior frequência. Outras doenças como meningoencefalite não supurativa (2,62%), meningoencefalite supurativa (1,50%), abscessos cerebrais e osteomielite por compressão medular (1,31%), tétano (1,12%), hipotermia (0,94%), babesiose cerebral (0,75%), febre catarral maligna (0,37%) e lesões sugestivas de intoxicação por oxalato (0,19%) foram ocasionalmente diagnosticadas. Em nenhum dos casos foram observadas lesões que pudessem sugerir encefalopatia espongiforme bovina.

The aim of this study was to describe the types of diseases that affect the nervous system of cattle from the State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. A retrospective study from January 2008 to December 2012 was perfomed, based on reports of cattle autopsies autopsy carried out by the Laboratório de Anatomia Patológica (LAP), Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia (FAMEZ), Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS). The material came from cases attended and forwarded to LAP by practicing veterinarians autonomous and from the official veterinary service. From 1028 cases studied, 588 presented a history of neurological clinical signs, 341 (53.75%) of which were diagnosed as affected bytrue neurological disease, and 247 (46.25%) had inconclusive diagnosis. The clinical records were reviewed to determine epidemiology, clinical signs, and gross and histopathological features. The most frequent diseases were botulism (16.67%), rabies (15.92%), polioencephalomalacia (8.05%), and herpesviral meningoencephalitis (4.31%). Other conditions were diagnosed occasionally, and included non suppurative meningoencephalitis (2.62%), suppurative meningoencephalitis (1.50%), brain abscesses and osteomyelitis caused by spinal cord compression (1.31%), tetanus (1.12%), hypothermia (0.94%), cerebral babesiosis (0.75%), malignant catarrhal fever (0.37%), and cases suggestive of oxalate poisoning (0.19%). No cases with lesions that may suggest of bovine spongiform encephalopathy were observed.